Types Of Pollution and 5 Interesting Facts

First we have to know what is The Pollution

Is any change in ecosystem, change factor like water, air, soil and other. Now is a big problem because the human waste, and generate big of garbage.
The commune types of pollutions:
Air
Water
Soil
Radioactive
And the light 

Air Pollution

Is the more important problem in cities like Mexico, before  the air of Mexico called clean and one of the most clean on the world, now the air is excessive contaminated.

One factor of the air pollution is the cars but is not only the factor, people contemning all the days.

The fabrics and the process is other factor because, the substances chemicals that it used is bad for the air and the on Earth's ozone layer,  gases include methane which comes from such sources as swamps and gas emitted and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), which were used in refrigerants and aerosol.

Five Interesting Facts 

1. The first fact is that some air pollution is natural. Volcanoes, dust storms, and forest fires all pollute the air.
2. Studies have estimated that the number of people killed annually from air pollution could be over 50,000.
3. By 2050, air pollution will kill an estimated 6 million people per year.
4. In the Philippines, auto sales are up close to 30%. Correspondingly, so is air pollution.
5.  Some 2 million cars in Manila now cause 80% of air pollution there.

Water Pollution

Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies (e.g. lakes, rivers, oceans, aquifers and groundwater Water pollution occurs when pollutants are discharged directly or indirectly into water bodies without adequate treatment to remove harmful compounds.

Water pollution affects plants and organisms living in these bodies of water. In almost all cases the effect is damaging not only to individual species and populations, but also to the natural biological communities.

Causes

The specific contaminants leading to pollution in water include a wide spectrum of chemicals, pathogens, and physical or sensory changes such as elevated temperature and discoloration. While many of the chemicals and substances that are regulated may be naturally occurring (calcium, sodium, iron, manganese, etc.) the concentration is often the key in determining what is a natural component of water, and what is a contaminant. High concentrations of naturally occurring substances can have negative impacts on aquatic flora and fauna.

Five interesting facts

1. Pollution of the water in rivers and lakes caused due to contamination by sewage effluent, fertilizer runoff, industrial chemical discharge
2. The introduction of foreign substances to a water source
3. 1.2 trillion gallons of untreated sewage, storm water, and industrial waste are discharged into American waters every year
4. Asian rivers are the most polluted in the world having 3 times as many bacteria from human waste as the global average and 20 times more lead than rivers in industrialized countries
5. Diseases caused by drinking polluted water contaminated with bacteria, viruses, or parasites include cholera, typhoid, dysentery and other diarrheal diseases

Soil Pollution

Following WWII and Vietnam, scientists discovered high incidences of mutation, miscarriage, mental defects, cancer and sickness in areas where nuclear warheads had been dropped. Food shortages also alerted officials that something was seriously wrong with the local soil. DDT and Dioxin were two of the worst pollutants from war aftermath.

In some cases, agricultural processes cause soil pollution. High levels of radionuclides like nitrogen and phosphorus can be found surrounding farm centers containing high population densities of livestock. Pesticides applied to plants can also seep into the ground, leaving lasting effects. Heavy metals can arrive in the soil by using polluted water to wet crops and by using mineral fertilizers.

Impact of Soil Pollution

People living near polluted land have higher incidences of migraines, nausea, fatigue, and miscarriage and skin disorders. Long-term effects of pollution include cancer, leukemia, reproductive disorders, kidney and liver damage, as well as central nervous system failure. Children often suffer from developmental problems and weakened immune systems.

Five Interesting Facts

1. If plastic is dumped at such a high rate in the soil, it not only pollutes the soil but also chokes the living organisms in it
   
2. Soil can be damaged by various other human activities too. We have discussed in the first chapter about deforestation (recall what it means!) which causes various unimaginable damages like the wiping out of human race from earth.
   
3. About 70% of the heavy metals that contaminate landfills and garbage dumps are from electronics improperly disposed people. The mercury and cobalt, for example, are toxic by inhalation, contact and ingestion, and chromium is toxic by inhalation and ingestion.
   
4. Each of us generates about 300 kilos of waste per year on average
   
5. The waste produced annually in Spain amounts to a mountain of the same dimensions as the Mulhacén
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   

Radioactive Pollution

Is the most dangerous type of pollution because modify cells and make changes to level molecular is produced by nuclear explosion which are carried out for performing nuclear tests and which is used fro making nuclear weapons. Due to this explosion about 15 to 20% of the radioactive particles enter into the stratosphere. Once they entered into the air they continue to fall on the earth after about every 6 month up to several years. Almost 5% of the radioactive material entered into the troposphere, which is the lowermost layer of the atmosphere.

Five Interesting Facts

1. We live in a radiation world (with ubiquitous sources of radiation such as cell phones, TVs, radios, microwave ovens
2. The higher the radiation exposure, the higher the cancer risks in an individual.
3. The daily exposure to ultraviolet (UV) sunlight also is radiation
4. The best protection is to minimize the time we are exposed to the sun 
5. While some exposure to the sun may be benefic for the body, too much exposure may cause burns and even skin cancer

Light Pollution

electrical conductivity, temperature, and eutrophication. Eutrophication is an increase in the concentration of chemical nutrients in an ecosystem to an extent that increases in the primary productivity of the ecosystem. Depending on the degree of eutrophication, subsequent negative environmental effects such as anoxia (oxygen depletion) and severe reductions in water quality may occur, affecting fish and other animal populations.

Five Interesting Facts

1. Hundreds of millions of lights are poorly designed
2. And all around instead of where the light should be directed toward the ground
3. The glare from these lights often blinds or confuses drivers at night
4. The wasted electricity contributes to global warming.
5. All that light ruins the night sky
   
   
   

Air pollution in Mexico City by: Molina Granados Erick Daniel

Air pollution in Mexico City is a continuing concern for citizens,
health experts, and environmentalists.
However, much improvement has been made in the city since 1992 when
 the United Nations named
Mexico City "the most polluted city on the planet." At the time pollution was
 thought to cause 1,000 deaths and
35,000 hospitalizations per year.Currently, ozone and other air pollutants
 rank at about the same level as Los Angeles.This improvement in air quality
 was achieved, starting in the 1980s, through the Mexican government's
requirement that gasoline be reformulated, that polluting factories be closed
or moved, and that driver's be prohibited from using their car
one day per week. More recently there has been an expansion of public
transportation. Air pollution has been a major issue in Mexico City for decades.

It has been said that "Mexico City’s air has gone from among the world’s cleanest to among the dirtiest in the span of a generation. Historic air pollution episodes of the 1950s led to acute increases in infant mortality Connections have also been found between air pollution and school absenteeism among children in Mexico City between air pollution and heart rate variability among the elderly in Mexico City and between urban air pollutants on emergency visits for childhood asthma in Mexico City.



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WHAT ABOUT MEXICO CITY? By Juan Acevedo Kevin Daniel

Maybe the biggest problem of pollution in Mexico is the Air Pollution, the cars are a big factor but is not only problem, people in Mexico don't make solutions for the problem, also are unconscious the level of damage for their life and the children.

The level accepted for air pollution in another countries is exceeded in Mexico, sometime before, the air was named clean but in these days the air is polluted.

The study is part of a growing body of research showing that air pollution can damage the heart and lead to increased risk of heart disease and heart attacks. But this study contrasted two different areas of the same city, showing that different types of pollutants can produce different effects

MEXICO CITY

WHAT ABOUT MEXICO CITY?

MAQUEDA MORALES ALEXIS; 5IM07

The air pollution in Mexico City is very critical it has been described in 1992 as Mexico City’s air as the most polluted on the planet. Six years later, that air earned Mexico the reputation of “the most dangerous city in the world for children”. At the time pollution was thought to cause 1,000 deaths and 35,000 hospitalizations per year.


WHAT CAUSES AIR POLLUTION IN MEXICO CITY?
Many factors have contributed to this situation: industrial growth, a population boom (from three million in 1950 to some 20 million today), and the proliferation of vehicles. More than 3.5 million vehicles — 30% of them more than 20 years old — now ply the city streets.

Effects

Students in the past have said poor visibility, headaches, emphysema, allergies, runny eyes and nose, shorter life span for Mexico City's residents, lower quality of life for Mexico City's residents, necessity to stay indoors, more sitting in front of the television, destruction of wildlife, etc.

In 1992, the United Nations described Mexico City’s air as the most polluted on the planet. Six years later, that air earned Mexico the reputation of “the most dangerous city in the world for children” — a reputation Mexico has been working hard to improve. But despite more than a decade of stringent pollution control measures, a haze hangs over the city most days, obscuring the surrounding snow-capped mountains and endangering the health of its inhabitants.

Many factors have contributed to this situation: industrial growth, a population boom (from three million in 1950 to some 20 million today), and the proliferation of vehicles. More than 3.5 million vehicles — 30% of them more than 20 years old — now ply the city streets.

 Mexico city’s geographic disadvantage By  Elizalde Negrete  Anaid Isabel 

Geography conspires with human activity to produce a poisonous scenario. Located in the crater of an extinct volcano, Mexico City is about 2,240 meters above sea level. The lower atmospheric oxygen levels at this altitude cause incomplete fuel combustion in engines and higher emissions of carbon monoxide and other compounds. Intense sunlight turns these into higher than normal smog levels. In turn, the smog prevents the sun from heating the atmosphere enough to penetrate the inversion layer blanketing the city.

 Examining the impact on health

The researchers focused on health hazards posed by the most serious pollutants: PM10 and ozone. PM10 comes from various sources, including road construction and dust, diesel trucks and buses, forest fires, and the open-air burning of refuse. Both pollutants can irritate eyes, cause or aggravate respiratory and cardiovascular ailments, and lead to premature death.

Smog surrounds the Angel Monument in Mexico City, Mexico, during a thermal inversion. Air pollution increases dramatically as a mass of cold air is trapped below a warmer mass of air. The absence of wind circulation prevents pollution near the earth's surface from escaping

Ecobici is the new individual urban transport system, which can be used to supplement the public transport network of Mexico City. With it you can move comfortably, fun and environmentally friendly short distances




types of pollution by: Molina Granados Erick Daniel 

Air pollution:Air pollution is the introduction into the atmosphere of chemicals, particulate matter, or biological materials that cause discomfort, disease, or death to humans, damage other living organisms such as food crops, or damage the natural environmentor built environment.

The atmosphere is a complex dynamic natural gaseous system that is essential to support life on planet Earth. Stratospheric ozone depletion due to air pollution has long been recognized as a threat to human health as well as to the Earth'secosystems.

Indoor air pollution and urban air quality are listed as two of the World’s Worst Toxic Pollution Problems in the 2008 Blacksmith Institute World's Worst Polluted Places report

· Water pollution:Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies (e.g. lakes, rivers, oceans, aquifers and groundwater). Water pollution occurs when pollutants are discharged directly or indirectly into water bodies without adequate treatment to remove harmful compounds.

Water pollution affects plants and organisms living in these bodies of water. In almost all cases the effect is damaging not only to individual species and populations, but also to the natural biological communities.

· Soil pollution:Soil contamination or soil pollution is caused by the presence of xenobiotic (human-made) chemicals or other alteration in the natural soil environment. It is typically caused by industrial activity, agricultural chemicals, or improper disposal of waste. The most common chemicals involved are petroleum hydrocarbons, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (such as naphthalene and benzo(a)pyrene), solvents, pesticides, lead, and other heavy metals. Contamination is correlated with the degree of industrialization and intensity of chemical usage.[citation needed]

The concern over soil contamination stems primarily from health risks, from direct contact with the contaminated soil, vapors from the contaminants, and from secondary contamination of water supplies within and underlying the soil[1]. Mapping of contaminated soil sites and the resulting cleanup are time consuming and expensive tasks, requiring extensive amounts of geology, hydrology, chemistry, computer modeling skills, and GIS in Environmental Contamination, as well as an appreciation of the history of industrial chemistry.

In North America and Western Europe that the extent of contaminated land is best known, with many of countries in these areas having a legal framework to identify and deal with this environmental problem. Developing countries tend to be less tightly regulated despite some of them having undergone significant industrialization

· Pollution of the nose:Our NOSES are being assaulted each and every day with a cacophony of artificial and toxic smells! Huh, what? In a typical day for most of us, we are exposed to any number of scents and smells that are dangerous to both the environment and our health as well. If I look at what my nose and lungs have been exposed to today alone, the list is pretty daunting:

Perfumes and various other scented lotions and potions

Cigarette/Cigar smoke

Bug Spray

Dryer sheets

Harsh and scented cleaning products

Air fresheners, including Fabreze fabric “freshener”

Chemical smell from new curtains

Auto Pollution

General air quality yuck

A burning fake fireplace log

Hairspray

And a mixture of so many other smells I can’t identify

Not only is this daunting, these synthetic smells have been found to make millions of people sick, with a wide variety pf symptome including asthma, allergies, headaches (including migranes) dizziness, skin rashes, muscle weakness, fatigue, to name just a few.

I don’t know about you, but many times I have found myself in close proximity to someone with too much perfume, perhaps in an airplane, at the movies, in line, in as elevator and, and, and…. I have even found my throat closing up, getting itchy, sneezy and wheezy.

· Light pollution:Light pollution, also known as photopollution or luminous pollution, is excessive or obtrusive artificial light. Pollution is the adding-of/added light itself, in analogy to added sound, carbon dioxide, etc. Adverse consequences are multiple; some of them may be not known yet. Scientific definitions thus include the following:

Degradation of photic habitat by artificial light.

Alteration of natural light levels in the outdoor environment owing to artificial light sources.

Light pollution is the alteration of light levels in the outdoor environment (from those present naturally) due to man-made sources of light. Indoor light pollution is such alteration of light levels in the indoor environment due to sources of light, which compromises human health.

Light pollution is the introduction by humans, directly or indirectly, of artificial light into the environment.

The first three of the above four scientific definitions describe the state of the environment. The fourth (and newest) one describes the process of polluting by light.

Light pollution competes with starlight in the night sky for urban residents, interferes with astronomical observatories, and, like any other form of pollution, disrupts ecosystems and has adverse health effects. Light pollution can be divided into two main types:

Unpleasant light that intrudes on an otherwise natural or low-light setting

Excessive light (generally indoors) that leads to discomfort and adverse health effects

more of types of pollution

Ecovillevilles by: Arias Hernandez Luis Ernesto

 

The ecovillages are a beauthiful site from live, the people use a electronic machines, because they do not generate a pollution in the air, in this haus the wather is re-used from westender

the material of this house is a recycle material and he contributes to the care of naure

More of ecovilles by: Molina Granados Erick Daniel

Eco-cities and eco-districts

Cities and neighborhoods are sustainable are the product of a new urbanism integrating the principles of sustainable development. The focus on controlling urban sprawl, energy use, recycling, urban landscape. Social diversity and food independence are also part of the objectives. These initiatives are now on small scales but larger projects are about to emerge.

An innovative planning

Sustainable city is trying to reduce its carbon footprint. Buildings are built to consume less energy [see energy in buildings]. They favor the use of renewable energy: solar panels, wind turbines, but also solar water heaters etgéothermie. They are optimally insulated to reduce energy consumption for heating and are built with unusual materials harmful to the environment (wood, bricks, insulating plants ...). (1) The waste is avoided, both at individual and collective level: recycling, recovery of rainwater ...

 

 

 

Sustainable city is dense: it occupies less space and is less intrusive on the environment. It promotes walking, cycling or public transport. It is also greener: the new urban landscapes include vertical gardens, green roofs or parks and gardens nearby. (2)

This new city model also promotes social diversity within the district but also homes. Finally, the emphasis is on the production and consumption of local goods: food supply regional sales support direct ... the goal is to reduce food miles.

European examples

European initiatives on sustainable city are structures of limited size: eco-districts. The most famous of them is probably the Vauban district in Freiburg, Germany. With approximately 2000 dwellings and 5000 inhabitants, it fulfills both an objective architectural (high environmental quality buildings, houses positive energy - see sheet energy building) and landscape (priority to public spaces, limiting traffic, construction of a line tram). It is also distinguished by its strong citizen participation. Indeed, those who wanted to participate in the construction of their buildings are organized around "construction groups" (Baugruppen), which created the social bond, and has reduced costs and sharing some equipment . (3) Always in Fribourg, the district Rieselfeld responds to a similar ecological orientation and today hosts about 8,000 inhabitants. (4)

 

Other eco-districts exist in Europe, mainly in the North, especially in Malmö, Sweden, Copenhagen, Denmark and Stockholm, Sweden. (6) In France, the town of Chalon-sur-Saône in Burgundy, has created an eco-neighborhood in St. John's Gardens. Several other projects are under development, including the Concerted Development Zone (CAZ) Borderouge near Toulouse or the Ecozac Rungis in the thirteenth arrondissement of Paris, on the site of a disused station 3, 8 hectares. (7).

A global trend

The idea of ​​sustainable cities is not new. Thus, Curitiba, capital of Parana State (Brazil) develops since 1964 a policy of sustainable development, both environmental and social. She has many pedestrian zones, 50 m2 of green areas per inhabitant, 120 km of track cycling, a dense network of buses and organizes recycling. Social actions ranging from environmental education to the young slum horticultural activities, sports and culture.

At the other end of the planet, Auroville, near Pondicherry, India, was built in 1971 in a very hippie and welcomes more than 1,000 people today. [See discussion]

More recently, the Chinese authorities have announced the construction of an eco-city, Dongtan, near Shanghai. It could accommodate 50,000 people at its inauguration, scheduled to coincide with the World Expo 2010 and 500 000 in 2050. It will be a city self-sufficient in energy (wind and solar), with a power end of organic farming and with the main mode of transport in hybrid vehicles. (8)

The capital of the United Arab Emirates, Abu Dhabi is also planning to build in the desert eco-district, called Masdar, which could have 50,000 inhabitants in 2015. Water will be provided by desalination plants powered by solar energy. All will be carbon neutral, all waste will be recycled and there will be no cars. (9)

The media dimension of these two projects should not forget that China is the largest emitter of greenhouse gases in the world and the United Arab Emirates, are related to the number of inhabitants, ranked third behind the Qatar and Kuwait.

 the best ecovilles

More of ecovillevilles by: Arias Hernandez Luis Ernesto

the ecovillages are a beauthiful site from live, the people use a electronic machines, because they do not generate a pollution in the air, in this haus the wather is re-used from westender

the material of this house is a recycle material and he contributes to the care of naure